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--- sa_nsa_deployment_models [2025/03/29 13:36] – kkaragoz
+++ sa_nsa_deployment_models [2025/03/29 13:45] (current) – kkaragoz
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-| \\ Feature \\ | \\ NSA 5G \\ | \\ SA 5G \\ |
+^Feature^NSA 5G^SA 5G|
-| \\ Voice \\ | \\ VoLTE (4G) \\ | \\ VoNR (Native 5G) \\ |
+|Voice|VoLTE (4G)|VoNR (Native 5G)|
-| \\ Core Network \\ | \\ 4G EPC \\ | \\ 5G Core (5GC) \\ |
+|Core Network|4G EPC|5G Core (5GC)|
-| \\ Latency \\ | \\ Higher (depends on 4G) \\ | \\ Ultra-low (~5-10ms) \\ |
+|Latency|Higher (depends on 4G)|Ultra-low (~5-10ms)|
-| \\ Network Slicing \\ | \\ Not Supported \\ | \\ Supported (e.g., dedicated voice slices) \\ |
+|Network Slicing|Not Supported|Supported (e.g., dedicated voice slices)|
+===== 5G NSA Architecture =====
+{{  :5g_nsa_architecture_key_concept.png?nolink&400  }}
+Control Plane: Managed by 4G LTE (via the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC)).
+User Plane: Uses 5G NR for high-speed data, but voice relies on 4G VoLTE.
+Dual Connectivity (EN-DC): Your device connects both 4G and 5G simultaneously, but voice and data are split between two.
+What happens during a voice call on NSA 5G?
+  - Voice Call Initiation:
+      * Your phone uses 4G LTE to set up the call via VoLTE(IMS core).
+      * The 5G NR connection is temporarily suspended or underutilized for the duration of the call.
+  - Data During the Call:
+      * If the carrier supports EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity):
+        * 5G NR continues handling data (e.g., browsing, streaming) while the voice call runs over 4G VoLTE.
+      * If EN-DC isn't supported:
+        * Data falls back to 4G LTE during the call (just like in pure 4G VoLTE).
+  - Call Termination:
+After the call ends, your device re-establishes the 5G NR connection for data (if available).
+===== 5G SA Architecture =====
+{{  :5g_sa_architecture_key_concept.png?400  }}
+Key Architectural Differences:
+Full 5G Core (5GC): SA uses the new 5G Core network (not 4G EPC) for both control and user planes.
+No 4G Dependency: All functions (voice/data) run natively on 5G without LTE anchors.
+Single RAN: Uses only 5G New Radio (NR) base stations (gNBs), not LTE eNBs.
+Key Components
+  * AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function): Handles connection management
+  * SMF (Session Management Function): Manage user sessions.
+  * UPF (User Plane Function):  Routes data traffic (It is the equivalent to 4G's PGW/SGW).
+  * UDM (Unified Data Management): Authentication / Authorization
+  * gNB: 5G base station
+What happens during a voice call process (VoNR)?
+  - Call Setup: Uses Voice over NR (VoNR) through IMS core without 4G fallback.
+  - Data Continuity: Maintains 5G data connection simultaneously.
+  - No Session Suspension: Unlike NSA, SA maintains full 5G capabilities during calls.
+SA Advantages:
+  * Ultra-low Latency (<;1ms theoretically)
+  * Network Slicing Capabilities
+  * True end-to-end 5G Security
+  * Massive IoT Support (mMTC [Massive Machine-Type Communications])
+  * Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
+Deployment Challenges:
+  * Requires complete 5G core deployment.
+  * Limited device ecosystem (though improving)
+  * Higher infrastructure costs