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sa_nsa_deployment_models [2025/03/29 13:42] – kkaragozsa_nsa_deployment_models [2025/03/29 13:45] (current) – kkaragoz
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 ===== 5G NSA Architecture ===== ===== 5G NSA Architecture =====
  
-{{  :5g_nsa_architecture_key_concept.png?400  }}+{{  :5g_nsa_architecture_key_concept.png?nolink&400  }} 
 + 
 +Control Plane: Managed by 4G LTE (via the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC)). 
 + 
 +User Plane: Uses 5G NR for high-speed data, but voice relies on 4G VoLTE. 
 + 
 +Dual Connectivity (EN-DC): Your device connects both 4G and 5G simultaneously, but voice and data are split between two. 
 + 
 +What happens during a voice call on NSA 5G? 
 + 
 +  - Voice Call Initiation: 
 +      * Your phone uses 4G LTE to set up the call via VoLTE(IMS core). 
 +      * The 5G NR connection is temporarily suspended or underutilized for the duration of the call. 
 +  - Data During the Call: 
 +      * If the carrier supports EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity): 
 +        * 5G NR continues handling data (e.g., browsing, streaming) while the voice call runs over 4G VoLTE. 
 +      * If EN-DC isn't supported: 
 +        * Data falls back to 4G LTE during the call (just like in pure 4G VoLTE). 
 +  - Call Termination: 
 + 
 +After the call ends, your device re-establishes the 5G NR connection for data (if available). 
 + 
 +===== 5G SA Architecture ===== 
 + 
 +{{  :5g_sa_architecture_key_concept.png?400  }} 
 + 
 +Key Architectural Differences: 
 + 
 +Full 5G Core (5GC): SA uses the new 5G Core network (not 4G EPC) for both control and user planes. 
 + 
 +No 4G Dependency: All functions (voice/data) run natively on 5G without LTE anchors. 
 + 
 +Single RAN: Uses only 5G New Radio (NR) base stations (gNBs), not LTE eNBs. 
 + 
 +Key Components 
 + 
 +  * AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function): Handles connection management 
 +  * SMF (Session Management Function): Manage user sessions. 
 +  * UPF (User Plane Function):  Routes data traffic (It is the equivalent to 4G's PGW/SGW). 
 +  * UDM (Unified Data Management): Authentication / Authorization 
 +  * gNB: 5G base station 
 + 
 +What happens during a voice call process (VoNR)? 
 + 
 +  - Call Setup: Uses Voice over NR (VoNR) through IMS core without 4G fallback. 
 +  - Data Continuity: Maintains 5G data connection simultaneously. 
 +  - No Session Suspension: Unlike NSA, SA maintains full 5G capabilities during calls. 
 + 
 +SA Advantages: 
 + 
 +  * Ultra-low Latency (<;1ms theoretically) 
 +  * Network Slicing Capabilities 
 +  * True end-to-end 5G Security 
 +  * Massive IoT Support (mMTC [Massive Machine-Type Communications]) 
 +  * Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) 
 + 
 +Deployment Challenges: 
 + 
 +  * Requires complete 5G core deployment. 
 +  * Limited device ecosystem (though improving) 
 +  * Higher infrastructure costs
  
  
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