- AMF: Access and Mobility Management Function
  - SMF: Session Management Function
  - PCF: Policy Control Function
  - UDM: Unified Data Management
  - AUSF: Authentication Server Function
  - NSSF: Network Slice Selection Function
  - NEF: Network Exposure Function
  - NRF: Network Repository Function
  - SEPP: Security Edge Protection Proxy
  - UPF: User Plane Function
  - UDR: Unified Data Repository
  - CHF: Charging Function
  - NWDAF: Network Data Analytics Function
  - SMSF: SMS Function
  - LMF: Location Management Function
  - AF: Application Function
  - GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center
  - 5G-EIR: 5G Equipment Identity Register
  - N3IWF: Non-3GPP Interworking Function

User Plane Function

UPF - User Plane Function

  * Routes user data, enforces QoS, and performs traffic optimization

Data Management & Charging

UDR - Unified Data Repository

  * Central storage for subscriber data (policies, profiles).

CHF - Charging Function

  * Manages charging, billing, and usage reporting.

Control Plane Functions

AMF - Access and Mobility Management Function

  * Manages device registration, mobility and connection states.

SMF - Session Management Function

  * Handles session establishment, IP allocation, and UPF control.

PCF - Policy Control Function

  * Enforces dynamic policies for QoS, slicing, and charging.

UDM - Unified Data Management

  * Manages subscriber data (authentication, profiles)

AUSF - Authentication Server Function

  * Performs 5G-AKA authentication for devices.

NSSF - Network Slice Selection Function

  * Assigns network slices based on device/service requirements.

NEF - Network Exposure Function

  * Exposes network APIs to third-party applications (e.g. IoT, edge computing).

NRF - Network Repository Function

  * Service discovery and registration for 5GC functions.

SEPP - Security Edge Protection Proxy

  * Secures signaling between different operator networks (inter-PLMN).

Analytics & Specialized Functions

NWDAF - Network Data Analytics Function

  * Provides AI/ML-driven insights (e.g. traffic prediction, anomaly detection).

SMSF - SMS Function

  * Supports SMS services over 5G.

LMF - Location Management Function:

  * Determines device location (e.g. emergency services)

AF - Application Function:

  * Represents third-party applications (e.g. video streaming, IoT) that interact with 5GC via the NEF to request services (e.g. QoS adjustments).
  * AF is critical for enabling network-aware applications (e.g. adjusting bandwidth for a video call)

GMLC - Gateway Mobile Location Center:

  * Retrieves device location for external application (e.g. emergency services, logistics). While inherited from LTE, it interfaces with 5GC's LMF for location data.
  * GMLC bridges 5GC with legacy location services but relies on LMF for actual positioning in 5G.

5G-EIR - 5G Equipment Identity Register

  * Validates device identities (IMEI) to block unauthorized/stolen devices.
  * 5G-EIR replaces LTE's EIR but serves a similar anti-fraud role.

N3IWF - Non-3GPP Interworking Function

  * Connects untrusted non-3GPP networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, satellite) to 5GC via secure tunnels (IPsec) and interfaces with AMF/UPF.