Vicky

5g_core_network

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-08T13:26:13+00:00

5G 5G is the fifth-generation of cellular network technology. Each of the generations provides much broader bandwidth, lower latencies, and smaller physical footprint, etc. 5G technology provides innovations like virtualization, network slicing, beam-steering &

5g_network_slicing

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:31:52+00:00

5G Network Slicing https://free5gc.org/blog/20241230/20241230/

5g_overall_architecture

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-08T13:21:48+00:00

You can check the reference webpage given below: Tech Invite 3GPP Overall Architecture

5gc_af

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:23:08+00:00

Application Function (AF) is responsible for interacting with external applications and services to provide 5G network capabilities. It plays a key role in traffic management and QoS assignments through interaction with the policy elements. It is powerful but undervalued. It exposes the Application Layer for interaction with 5G NFs and network resources [1].

5gc_amf

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:01:56+00:00

AMF - Access & Mobility Management Function The AMF makes the signaling connection with UE and helps UE to register. Handles connection and management mobility tasks. As the AMF performs the role of access point to 5G Core, terminating RAN control plane and UE traffic originating on the N1 and N2 reference interfaces, it is responsible for NAS ciphering and integrity protection algorithms [AMF:2].

5gc_ausf

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:25:00+00:00

The Authentication Server Function (AUSF) provides subscriber authentication, normally based on SIM. AUSF Supports: * Authentication request from access network * Interaction from UDM for auth generate: 5G AKA only (see AKMA Procedure) * Storage of Kausf until removed by AMF or replaced

5gc_call_flow

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:38:04+00:00

5GC Call Flow [(Assumes both UEs use the same SMF but different UPFs)] Phase-by-Phase Explanation 1. Registration & Authentication * UE-A and UE-B send Registration Requests to the AMF via the gNB. * AMF authenticates both devices with the AUSF/UDM (using SUCI/SUPI identifiers). * Key Interface: N1 (UE ↔ AMF), N2 (gNB ↔ AMF).

5gc_network_functions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T13:35:36+00:00

* AMF: Access and Mobility Management Function * SMF: Session Management Function * PCF: Policy Control Function * UDM: Unified Data Management * AUSF: Authentication Server Function * NSSF: Network Slice Selection Function * NEF: Network Exposure Function

5gc_pcf

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:20:30+00:00

It enables efficient policy control and management, facilitating network behavior control, network slicing, roaming support, UE activities, and communication with other 5G core network functions. It acts as a control plane Network Function (NF) responsible for managing policies that regulate various aspects of the network. These policies encompass a wide range of functions, including quality of service (QoS), network resource allocation, authentication, mobility, security and more [1].

5gc_smf

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:05:55+00:00

SMF (Session Management Function) It collects all the information related to PDU session management from various network components (e.g., UPF, PCF, UDM) and controls / orchestrates those network components based on request from AMF [SMF:1]. SMF is a critical 5G core component that performs a fundamental role in the 5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA). The SMF is primarily responsible for interacting with the decoupled data plane, creating, updating, and removing Protocol Data Unit (PDU) ses…

adblock

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-09T08:41:46+00:00

Vivaldi Browser * I imported the “full” OISD blocklist. * Ensured “EasyPrivacy” and “OISD” were the only lists checked in Tracker Blocking Sources. * Ensured “EasyList” and “OISD” were the only lists checked in Ad Blocking Sources. * Added each domain that was not blocked in the

bearer_qos

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-06T08:03:58+00:00

Introduction to Bearers A “bearer” is a logical channel for data transmission with specific QoS (Quality of Service) requirements (e.g., latency, bandwidth). Bearer QoS is transferred via GTP tunnels. [Bearer Level Quality of Service (Bearer QoS)] Bearer Level Quality of Service (Bearer QoS)

container

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-18T07:13:58+00:00

Containers are an application-centric method to deliver high-performing, scalable applications on any infrastructure of your choice. Containers are best suited to deliver microservices by providing portable, isolated virtual environments for applications to run without interference from other running applications.

control_plane_functions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T13:58:17+00:00

The control plane functions and essential responsibilities of the 5G core network include: * Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF): * Responsible for managing user access, mobility, and authentication. * Session Management Function (SMF)

deploy_laravel_application_on_a_linux_vds

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-13T07:48:35+00:00

In this wiki page, I will be telling you how to deploy a laravel application on a VDS server. I used Debian 12 OS and assume the bible of the page is Laravel Deployment page. 1- Essentials for Server Essetial steps for the deployment written here. Step 1: Setup the Server and Install the OS

filament-v4-creating-custom-pages-single-record-infolist

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-10-14T08:03:29+00:00

Creating Custom Pages in Filament v4 to Display Single Records Overview This guide explains how to create custom pages in Filament v4 that display a single, predetermined record using Filament's built-in components. This is useful when you need to show specific data that doesn't fit the standard CRUD pattern, such as:

filament-v4-creating-custom-pages-single-record

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-10-14T07:50:22+00:00

Creating Custom Pages in Filament v4 to Display Single Records Overview This guide explains how to create custom pages in Filament v4 that display a single, predetermined record. This is useful when you need to show specific data that doesn't fit the standard CRUD pattern, such as:

grub_repair

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-13T06:53:57+00:00

GRUB Repair Guide Add Missing Windows 11 Entry (Tested on Debian 12 + Windows 11 UEFI systems) 1. Basic Fix (90% Success Rate) sudo apt install os-prober sudo update-grub 2. Manual GRUB Entry (For NVMe Drivers) a. Identify Windows EFI Partition

grub

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-06T10:08:47+00:00

* GRUB Customizer

ims_core_integration

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:38:30+00:00

Key Components: * P-CSCF: Proxy that routes SIP messages between devices and IMS. * S-CSCF: Manages SIP sessions and interacts with HSS (subscriber database). * MGCF: Connects to circuit-switched networks (e.g., PSTN). Free5GC Introduction of IP Multimedia Subsystem Part 1:

kde_software_development

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-10-30T09:07:52+00:00

KDE Software Development Hi! I will take my notes about KDE Software Development. kde-build is the crucial thing for contributing for the ecosystem. You can follow the link for more information.

laravel

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-08T07:56:21+00:00

Development Environment * Install Laravel Development Environment (LDE) for Ubuntu Frameworks Filament v4.x Filament is an open-source PHP framework for Laravel that allows developers to quickly build admin panels and other interfaces using a Server-Driven UI approach. Automates the creation of common elements like CRUD interfaces, saving developers time to concentrate on the core functionality of their applications.

lde-for-ubuntu

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-08T09:48:22+00:00

Installing Core Dependencies This step installs essential utilities needed for subsequent installations. sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y sudo apt install zip unzip software-properties-common wget curl ca-certificates -y PHP Installation (Specified: PHP 8.4)

linux_development_environment

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-06T10:09:32+00:00

* LEMP Stack Database Tools * DBeaver: DBeaver * I think it is better and faster than SQLectron. Because it built with Java instead of ElectronJs, this provides better speeds of loading and it has lots of tools that we can use. * SQLectron: SQLectron GUI

linux-gaming-setup

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-06T10:07:30+00:00

* Heroic Games Launcher * ProtonUp-Qt

linux

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-10-30T09:06:10+00:00

* KDE Software Development * KDE RClone Google Drive Connection * MySQL Installation on Debian 12 * LEMP Stack Installation on Debian 12 * GRUB * GRUB Repair Guide * GRUB BootLoader Theme * Linux Development Environment * Deploy Laravel Application on a Linux VDS * Samba Share & Cross-Platform Access * Zapret * AdBlock * Gaming

mainmenu

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-08T14:49:56+00:00

Welcome to my personal wiki! * Home Page * Topics * Rocket * Antenna * Linux * Laravel * Zapret * 5G Core Network * Valheim ---------- I (will) keep my instructions, wikis, and some notes here. If you want to share anything with me, don't hesitate to get in touch please.

my_debian12_development_environment

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-04T18:29:13+00:00

network_functions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T13:59:23+00:00

pdu_session_establishment_flow

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:30:20+00:00

PDU SESSION ESTABLISMENT REQUEST message is sent by the UE to the SMF to initiate establishment of a PDU session. Bibliography: * https://medium.com/@jessica.chchuang/5g-urllc-always-on-pdu-session-1989aa1c2239 * https://clcnetwork.wordpress.com/2020/04/19/5g-core-pdu-session-and-qos-part-2/ * https://www.telecomhall.net/t/multiple-pdu-sessions/9237

qos_workflow

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:30:51+00:00

https://free5gc.org/blog/20240628/20240628/

rclone-gdrive-kde

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-10-23T13:48:53+00:00

Rclone Google Drive Integration with KDE This guide provides instructions for setting up and mounting a Google Drive remote using rclone, optimized for integration with the KDE desktop environment and its file manager, Dolphin. The configuration is robust for continuous desktop use, leveraging FUSE and rclone's VFS cache.

registration_mobility_procedures

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T14:31:27+00:00

Registration procedures: * https://free5gc.org/blog/20240119/20240119/ * https://i0.wp.com/yatebts.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/5gsa-registration.png?ssl=1

sa_nsa_deployment_models

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T13:45:21+00:00

FeatureNSA 5GSA 5GVoiceVoLTE (4G)VoNR (Native 5G)Core Network4G EPC5G Core (5GC)LatencyHigher (depends on 4G)Ultra-low (~5-10ms)Network SlicingNot SupportedSupported (e.g., dedicated voice slices) 5G NSA Architecture Control Plane: Managed by 4G LTE (via the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC)).

samba_share

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-14T15:36:45+00:00

Setting up a Samba Share on Debian 12 for Cross-Platform Access This guide explains how to set up a network share on a Debian 12 server using Samba. This allows computers running Windows, macOS, or other Linux distributions to access a common folder on the server.

sba_principles

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-11T08:58:04+00:00

[5G Service Based Architecture (SBA)] 5G Core network have lots of functions and interfaces between those functions. When user connects a 5G core network, most of the processes are handled by different and separate functions. For example network functions explored by NRF, user's session handled by SMF, network sliced by NSSF, and data is routed by PCF.

sidebar

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-03T17:59:12+00:00

Hello

start

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-08T14:51:08+00:00

Hello there, welcome to my wiki page. This wiki page is quite new to me, but I will get used to it in time. I decided to create a wiki after struggling to find my instruction-based notes on obsidian. It was hard to find and trace. Obsidian is pretty good software for note-taking but it didn't fullfill some of my desires. I am an electrical-electronics engineer. I generally interested with:$$ \psi = kd \cos{\theta} $$$$ AF = \sum_{m=0}^{N-1}e^{jm\psi} = 1 + e^{j\psi} + e^{j2\psi} + ... + e^{j\lef…

user_and_control_plane

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T13:53:25+00:00

User & Control Plane Essentials User Plane (Data Plane) Purpose: Transports user-generated data (e.g., internet traffic, voice packets via VoNR). Protocols: Uses protocols like GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane) for tunneling data between nodes (e.g., between UPF and gNodeB).

user_plane_revolution

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-29T13:55:14+00:00

CUPS (Control Plane & User Plane Separation) 5G is separated into “control plane” and “user plane” [2]. CUPS enables cost-efficient scaling through geo-distribution of essential 5G network functions and services. Features and Benefits * Independent Control- and user-plane scalability: Ability to independently scale control and user planes as the mobile network needs. Provides the ability to dynamically adjust the network to ever-changing demands.

valheim-mod-dev-required-tools

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-18T20:46:37+00:00

IDE: Visual Studio Community (Free) or JetBrains Rider. Decompiler: dnSpy or ILSpy. Why? You need this to look at Valheim's source code (Assembly-CSharp.dll) to see how the game works so you know what to change. The Game: You obviously need Valheim installed. https://www.nexusmods.com/valheim/mods/15?tab=description

valheim

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-01-18T19:36:08+00:00

How to develop a Valheim Mod Guide 1. Required Tools The game mods that I use in Valheim: * FascinatingCarryWeight by kangretto * EquipmentAndQuickSlots by RandyKnapp * FarmGrid by SarcenNexusMods * Clock by CrazyPony * XPortal by SpikeHimself * MassFarming by MainStreetGaming * Auto Fuel by aedenthorn Fascinating Carry Weight A game mode that allows the player's carrying capacity to be increased at logical rates through a mathematical formula based on the player's skills in t…

zapret

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-09T06:32:52+00:00

Zapret Zapret is a content filtering and censorship package developed by the Russian government, specifically designed to block access to websites deemed undesirable or prohibited by the authorities. The system works by intercepting and inspecting internet traffic, comparing it to a centralized blacklist of blocked websites, and redirecting users to a warning page if they attempt to access a restricted site. Zapret is often used to enforce Russia's strict internet regulations and block webpages…